Working principle of electroslag furnace

From the heating principle, electroslag remelting furnace is a kind of resistance melting furnace. Electroslag remelting is a process in which the lower end of the electrode is immersed in molten slag. When the AC current passes through the high resistance slag tank, a lot of heat is generated. It melts the electric extreme part of the molten slag immersed in the molten slag, and the metal droplets generated by the melting drop through the slag tank into the metal molten pool, and then are cooled by the water-cooled crystallizer and condensed into ingot. In this process, the metal droplet is in full contact with the molten slag with high temperature and high alkalinity, resulting in a strong metallurgical chemical reaction, so that the metal is refined. The key technology of electroslag remelting furnace is slag system. In the electroslag remelting furnace, the slag has four main functions, namely: heat source, protection, forming and metallurgical chemistry. The chemical composition of slag has great influence on the quality and technical and economic index of electroslag smelting products. The characteristics of slag are:

(1) It has a high resistivity and can generate enough heat in the smelting process to ensure metal melting, heating and purification.

(2) It has a certain alkalinity, so its deoxidation and desulfurization effect is good.

(3) does not contain stable oxides, such as MnO, FeO, etc.

(4) It has good fluidity to ensure that the convective heat exchange and liquid physical and chemical reaction are fully carried out at high temperatures.

(5) Has a low melting point, generally 150-250 ° C lower than the melting point of the melted metal, which makes the spindle formed well.

(6) It has a high boiling point so that it will not volatilize in large quantities at high temperatures.

Electrical equipment for electroslag remelting furnace

In addition to the electric furnace transformer, the electrical equipment of the electroslag remelting furnace has the following three parts:

(1) The high-voltage side equipment mainly includes: isolation switch, high-voltage circuit breaker, high-voltage voltage transformer, high-voltage current transformer, etc.

(2) The equipment on the low voltage side mainly includes: short network bus, low voltage current transformer, etc.

(3) Control equipment, including regulator cabinet, operation table, transmission motor, etc.

The main advantages of electroslag remelting furnaces are:

(1) There is a strong metallurgical chemical reaction between the metal melt and the slag, so the effect of phosphorus removal and sulfur removal is better, and the purity of the spindle is relatively high.

(2) Simple equipment, high productivity, investment province.

(3) The slag can isolate the molten metal from the outside air and is not polluted by the outside world.

(4) The slag and molten metal produce metallurgical chemical reactions, which can smelt high-grade metals and alloys.

(5) The non-metallic inclusions in the molten metal react chemically with the slag, and the non-metallic inclusions are all removed by the slag.

(6) Because the spindle is cooled in a water-cooled copper crucible, the cooling speed is very fast, which leads to a uniform internal structure of the spindle and no segregation.